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Democracy
Democracy is government by consent of the people. The people are the ultimate masters. In simpler words, the government can be turned out and replaced by an alternative one if the people desire so. Democracy implies the existence of an opposition party or parties which criticize and legitimately oppose such measures of the government which they consider to be unwise or against the national interest. The leading opposition party can be elected to power if the governing party loses the support of the people, without opposition democracy becomes a sham. Democracy allows * public discussion
* free election
* the right of speech and association. These are regarded as essential since they are necessary for achieving consent. Democracy is based on compromise and tolerance. Respect for the human being - every human being - is a sine qua non condition for the existence of democracy. It implies the acceptance of racial equality: we must not have two types of citizens: those who enjoy the full rights of democratic citizenship, and those to whom those rights have been denied. A citizen in a democratic system must at least be assured of his freedom of speech, of assembly, of conscience and of person. Democracy caters for pluralistic societies. Democratic societies accept the view that all human beings are fallible. No one is omniscient; no one has a monopoly of truth; no one embodies or expresses the will of the whole people. Those who govern may may command wide population support at a particular period, but that will not prevent them from erring, through misunderstanding, or lack of sufficient knowledge, or self delusion or corruption, or inventiveness, so that they do not care how their actions affect others. In Lord Acton's famous and often quoted sentence: "Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely." Consequently, a democratic society provides methods and institutions for the preservation of liberty and other voluntary associations, political newspapers, trade unions and other voluntary associations, political parties and an elected parliament. Democracy is both a philosophy of life and a method of government. Democracy is the most valued and perhaps the vaguest of political concepts in the modern world. The word is derived from two ancient Greek words 'demos' (the people) and 'kratos' (strength'). |
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